primary anti bodies  (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)

Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Article Title: PDK1 inhibition reduces autophagy and cell senescence through the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway in a cigarette smoke mouse emphysema model

doi: 10.3892/etm.2023.11922

Figure Lengend Snippet: Evaluation of the mouse emphysema model. H&E staining of lung tissues from the (A) control, (B) emphysema, (C) PI3K inhibitor and (D) PDK1 inhibitor groups. Magnification, x400. (E) IL-6 protein levels and (F) total cell count in BALF. Numbers of (G) neutrophils and (H) macrophages in BALF. (I) MLI and (J) DI were measured show the extent of airway remodelling in lung tissues. aP<0.05 vs. control. bP<0.05 vs. emphysema. BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; MLI, mean linear intercept; DI, destructive index; CS + CSE, emphysema group; CS3, PI3K inhibitor group; CS1, PDK1 inhibitor group; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase; PDK1, phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1.

Article Snippet: Slices were incubated overnight at 4˚C with anti-PDK1 (1:100; cat. no. 10026-1-Ig; ProteinTech Group, Inc), anti-PI3K (1:200; cat. no. 67121-1-Ig; ProteinTech Group, Inc) and anti-AKT (1:100; cat. no. ab23509; Abcam) primary antibodies.

Techniques: Staining, Cell Counting

Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Article Title: PDK1 inhibition reduces autophagy and cell senescence through the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway in a cigarette smoke mouse emphysema model

doi: 10.3892/etm.2023.11922

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of PI3K, PDK1 and AKT proteins in the airway epithelial tissue. Immunohistochemical staining for (A) PI3K (B) PDK1 (C) AKT expression in the airway epithelial tissues. Magnification, x400. Quantification of (D) PI3K (E) PDK1 (F) AKT protein expression in the airway epithelial tissues in each group. aP<0.05 vs. control. bP<0.05 vs. emphysema. CS + CSE, emphysema group; CS3, PI3K inhibitor group; CS1, PDK1 inhibitor group; PDK1, phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1; AOD, average optical density.

Article Snippet: Slices were incubated overnight at 4˚C with anti-PDK1 (1:100; cat. no. 10026-1-Ig; ProteinTech Group, Inc), anti-PI3K (1:200; cat. no. 67121-1-Ig; ProteinTech Group, Inc) and anti-AKT (1:100; cat. no. ab23509; Abcam) primary antibodies.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining

Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Article Title: PDK1 inhibition reduces autophagy and cell senescence through the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway in a cigarette smoke mouse emphysema model

doi: 10.3892/etm.2023.11922

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of LC3B protein in airway epithelial tissues. (A) Immunofluorescence staining for LC3BII in airway epithelial tissue. Magnification, x400. (B) Comparison of LC3B protein expression among the experimental groups. aP<0.05 vs. control. bP<0.05 vs. emphysema. CS + CSE, emphysema group; CS3, PI3K inhibitor group; CS1, PDK1 inhibitor group; PDK1, phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1; MFI, mean fluorescence intensity.

Article Snippet: Slices were incubated overnight at 4˚C with anti-PDK1 (1:100; cat. no. 10026-1-Ig; ProteinTech Group, Inc), anti-PI3K (1:200; cat. no. 67121-1-Ig; ProteinTech Group, Inc) and anti-AKT (1:100; cat. no. ab23509; Abcam) primary antibodies.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Fluorescence

Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Article Title: PDK1 inhibition reduces autophagy and cell senescence through the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway in a cigarette smoke mouse emphysema model

doi: 10.3892/etm.2023.11922

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of p16 protein in the airway epithelial tissues. (A) Immunofluorescence staining for the analysis of p16 protein expression in airway epithelial tissues. Magnification, x400. (B) Comparison of p16 protein expression among the experimental groups. aP<0.05 vs. control. bP<0.05 vs. emphysema. CS + CSE, emphysema group; CS3, PI3K inhibitor group; CS1, PDK1 inhibitor group; PDK1, phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1; p16, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A.

Article Snippet: Slices were incubated overnight at 4˚C with anti-PDK1 (1:100; cat. no. 10026-1-Ig; ProteinTech Group, Inc), anti-PI3K (1:200; cat. no. 67121-1-Ig; ProteinTech Group, Inc) and anti-AKT (1:100; cat. no. ab23509; Abcam) primary antibodies.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Staining

Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Article Title: PDK1 inhibition reduces autophagy and cell senescence through the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway in a cigarette smoke mouse emphysema model

doi: 10.3892/etm.2023.11922

Figure Lengend Snippet: PI3K, PDK1, AKT, LC3B II and p16 protein expression levels. Western blotting for (A) PI3K, (B) PDK1, (C) AKT, (D) LC3B and (E) p16 expression in the airway epithelial tissues. GAPDH as an internal control. Semi-quantification of PI3K, PDK1, AKT, LC3B and p16 protein expression in airway epithelial tissues in each group. aP<0.05 vs. control. bP<0.05 vs. emphysema. The protein expression levels were expressed as the ratio of band intensity for the target protein relative to that for the internal control GAPDH. Values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. CS + CSE, emphysema group; CS3, PI3K inhibitor group; CS1, PDK1 inhibitor group; PDK1, phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1; p16, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A.

Article Snippet: Slices were incubated overnight at 4˚C with anti-PDK1 (1:100; cat. no. 10026-1-Ig; ProteinTech Group, Inc), anti-PI3K (1:200; cat. no. 67121-1-Ig; ProteinTech Group, Inc) and anti-AKT (1:100; cat. no. ab23509; Abcam) primary antibodies.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Standard Deviation

Journal: Cancer & Metabolism

Article Title: PDK1- and PDK2-mediated metabolic reprogramming contributes to the TGFβ1-promoted stem-like properties in head and neck cancer

doi: 10.1186/s40170-022-00300-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression levels of PDK2 were increased in higher tumor stages of HNC patients’ tissues. A Immunohistochemical staining was performed using anti-PDK1 on tissue microarray containing 70 cases. PDK1 levels were analyzed in various stages and grades of HNC. B Immunohistochemical staining was performed using anti-PDK2 on tissue microarray containing 70 cases. PDK2 levels were analyzed in various stages and grades of HNC. * p < 0.05

Article Snippet: For western blotting, primary antibodies against PDK1 were obtained from Cell Signaling, while those against PDK2 and alfa-tubulin from Abcam.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Microarray

Journal: Cancer & Metabolism

Article Title: PDK1- and PDK2-mediated metabolic reprogramming contributes to the TGFβ1-promoted stem-like properties in head and neck cancer

doi: 10.1186/s40170-022-00300-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: PDK1 and PDK2 knockdown were confirmed in HNC cells. A SAS and FaDu shLuc, shPDK1, and shPDK2 cells (1×10 6 cells/3 ml) were seeded in a 6-cm dish overnight. PDK1 and PDK2 were detected by RT-qPCR. B SAS shLuc, shPDK1, and shPDK2 cells (4×10 5 cells/3 ml) were seeded in a 6-cm dish for 48 h. The expression levels of PDK1 (left panel) and PDK2 (right panel) protein were detected by western blotting. C SAS shLuc, shPDK1#261, shPDK2#315 cells, FaDu shLuc, shPDK1#263, shPDK2#315 (4×10 5 cells/3 ml) were seeded in a 6-cm culture dish for 48 h. We tested the PDH activity of the cells (1×10 6 cells). * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.005; **** p < 0.0001

Article Snippet: For western blotting, primary antibodies against PDK1 were obtained from Cell Signaling, while those against PDK2 and alfa-tubulin from Abcam.

Techniques: Knockdown, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Western Blot, Activity Assay

Journal: Cancer & Metabolism

Article Title: PDK1- and PDK2-mediated metabolic reprogramming contributes to the TGFβ1-promoted stem-like properties in head and neck cancer

doi: 10.1186/s40170-022-00300-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: PDK1 and PDK2 silencing modulated TGF-β1-promoted Warburg effects in HNC cells. A SAS shLuc, shPDK1#261, and shPDK2#315 cells (4×10 5 cells/3 ml) were pretreated with or without 5 ng/ml TGF-β1 medium for 48 h. Cells (1×10 4 cells/200 μl) were then seeded in a 96-well plate with or without TGF-β1 for 24 h, and then the medium was changed to a serum-free medium. After incubation for 24 h, lactate concentration in the supernatant was examined using the L-Lactate Assay kit. B SAS shLuc, shPDK1#261, and shPDK2#315 cells and FaDu shLuc, shPDK1#263, and shPDK2#315 (4×10 5 cells/3 ml) treated with or without TGF-β1 were seeded in a 6-cm culture dish for 48 h. We measured the ATP production of the cells (4×10 5 cells). C SAS shLuc, shPDK1, and shPDK2 cells (1×10 6 cells/3 ml) were seeded in a 6-cm dish overnight. Metabolism gene expressions were detected by RT-qPCR. D SAS shLuc, shPDK1#261, and shPDK2#315 cells (1×10 6 cells/3 ml) treated with or without TGF-β1 were seeded in a 6-cm dish overnight. Metabolism gene expressions were detected by RT-qPCR. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.005; **** p < 0.0001

Article Snippet: For western blotting, primary antibodies against PDK1 were obtained from Cell Signaling, while those against PDK2 and alfa-tubulin from Abcam.

Techniques: Incubation, Concentration Assay, Lactate Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: Cancer & Metabolism

Article Title: PDK1- and PDK2-mediated metabolic reprogramming contributes to the TGFβ1-promoted stem-like properties in head and neck cancer

doi: 10.1186/s40170-022-00300-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: PDK1 and PDK2 knockdown decreased TGF-β1-promoted migration and invasion ability of HNC cells. A Transwell migration activities of SAS shLuc, shPDK1#261, and shPDK2#315 cells (2.5×10 4 /100 μl serum-free DMEM) and FaDu shLuc, shPDK1#263, and shPDK2#315 cells (3×10 4 /100 μl serum-free DMEM) were determined after 30 h. B Transwell invasion activities of SAS shLuc, shPDK1#261, and shPDK2#315 cells (3×10 4 cells/500 μl serum-free DMEM) and FaDu shLuc, shPDK1#263, and shPDK2#315 cells (4×10 4 cells/500 μl serum-free DMEM) were determined after 48 h. C SAS shLuc, shPDK1#261, and shPDK2#315 cells (4×10 5 /3 ml) were pretreated with 5 ng/ml TGF-β1 medium for 48 h. Migration activities of these cells were determined as described in A . D SAS and FaDu cells (4×10 5 /3 ml) were pretreated with TGF-β1 medium for 48 h. Invasion activities of these cells were determined as described in B . * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.005; **** p < 0.0001

Article Snippet: For western blotting, primary antibodies against PDK1 were obtained from Cell Signaling, while those against PDK2 and alfa-tubulin from Abcam.

Techniques: Knockdown, Migration

Journal: Cancer & Metabolism

Article Title: PDK1- and PDK2-mediated metabolic reprogramming contributes to the TGFβ1-promoted stem-like properties in head and neck cancer

doi: 10.1186/s40170-022-00300-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: PDK1 and PDK2 silencing downregulated sphere formation ability, stemness gene, and multidrug resistance gene expression in HNC cells. A SAS and FaDu cells (2.5×10 2 cells/100 μl) were seeded in 96-well ultra-low attachment plates in sphere medium. Sphere numbers were counted after 10-day incubation. B SAS shLuc parental cells (1×10 6 cells/3 ml) were seeded in a 6-cm dish with sphere medium overnight. SAS cells (1×10 4 cells/2 ml) were seeded in 6-well ultra-low attachment plates in sphere medium for 12 days. Expression of stemness genes and multidrug resistance genes (MDR) were detected in parental cells (P) and sphere cells (1S) by RT-qPCR. C SAS shLuc, shPDK1#261, and shPDK2#315 cells (2.5×10 2 cells/100 μl) were seeded in 96-well ultra-low attachment plates in sphere medium with or without 10 ng/ml TGF-β1. Sphere numbers were counted after 10-day incubation. shLuc (1S) compared with shLuc (P): * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.005; **** p < 0.0001. shPDK (1S) compared with shLuc (1S): # p < 0.05; ## p < 0.01; ### p < 0.005; #### p < 0.0001

Article Snippet: For western blotting, primary antibodies against PDK1 were obtained from Cell Signaling, while those against PDK2 and alfa-tubulin from Abcam.

Techniques: Gene Expression, Incubation, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: Cancer & Metabolism

Article Title: PDK1- and PDK2-mediated metabolic reprogramming contributes to the TGFβ1-promoted stem-like properties in head and neck cancer

doi: 10.1186/s40170-022-00300-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: PDK1 and PDK2 knockdown inhibited migration ability and reversed cisplatin and gemcitabine resistance in SAS spheroids cells. A SAS shLuc, shPDK1#261, and shPDK2#315 cells (1×10 4 cells/2 ml) were seeded in 6-well ultra-low attachment plates in sphere medium with or without 10 ng/ml TGF-β1 sphere medium and cultured for 12 days. Migration activities of the spheroid cells (2.5×10 4 cells/100 μl 0.5% FBS DMEM) were determined after 30 h. Five fields were counted per filter in each group. B–D Parental (P) or spheroid (1S) cells of SAS shLuc, shPDK1#261, and shPDK2#315 cells (2×10 3 cells/100 μl) were seeded in 96-well white plates with different chemo drugs. Celltiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay was accessed after 48-h incubation. shLuc (1S) compared with shLuc (P): * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.005; **** p < 0.0001. shPDK (1S) compared with shLuc (1S): # p < 0.05; ## p < 0.01

Article Snippet: For western blotting, primary antibodies against PDK1 were obtained from Cell Signaling, while those against PDK2 and alfa-tubulin from Abcam.

Techniques: Knockdown, Migration, Cell Culture, Cell Viability Assay, Incubation

Journal: Cancer & Metabolism

Article Title: PDK1- and PDK2-mediated metabolic reprogramming contributes to the TGFβ1-promoted stem-like properties in head and neck cancer

doi: 10.1186/s40170-022-00300-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Associations of PDK1 and PDK2 expression with clinical features of HNC patients

Article Snippet: For western blotting, primary antibodies against PDK1 were obtained from Cell Signaling, while those against PDK2 and alfa-tubulin from Abcam.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Cancer & Metabolism

Article Title: PDK1- and PDK2-mediated metabolic reprogramming contributes to the TGFβ1-promoted stem-like properties in head and neck cancer

doi: 10.1186/s40170-022-00300-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression levels of PDK2 were increased in higher tumor stages of HNC patients’ tissues. A Immunohistochemical staining was performed using anti-PDK1 on tissue microarray containing 70 cases. PDK1 levels were analyzed in various stages and grades of HNC. B Immunohistochemical staining was performed using anti-PDK2 on tissue microarray containing 70 cases. PDK2 levels were analyzed in various stages and grades of HNC. * p < 0.05

Article Snippet: Primary IHC antibodies against PDK1 (1:100) and PDK2 (1:600) were obtained from Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz Biotech.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Microarray

Journal: Cancer & Metabolism

Article Title: PDK1- and PDK2-mediated metabolic reprogramming contributes to the TGFβ1-promoted stem-like properties in head and neck cancer

doi: 10.1186/s40170-022-00300-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: PDK1 and PDK2 knockdown were confirmed in HNC cells. A SAS and FaDu shLuc, shPDK1, and shPDK2 cells (1×10 6 cells/3 ml) were seeded in a 6-cm dish overnight. PDK1 and PDK2 were detected by RT-qPCR. B SAS shLuc, shPDK1, and shPDK2 cells (4×10 5 cells/3 ml) were seeded in a 6-cm dish for 48 h. The expression levels of PDK1 (left panel) and PDK2 (right panel) protein were detected by western blotting. C SAS shLuc, shPDK1#261, shPDK2#315 cells, FaDu shLuc, shPDK1#263, shPDK2#315 (4×10 5 cells/3 ml) were seeded in a 6-cm culture dish for 48 h. We tested the PDH activity of the cells (1×10 6 cells). * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.005; **** p < 0.0001

Article Snippet: Primary IHC antibodies against PDK1 (1:100) and PDK2 (1:600) were obtained from Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz Biotech.

Techniques: Knockdown, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Western Blot, Activity Assay

Journal: Cancer & Metabolism

Article Title: PDK1- and PDK2-mediated metabolic reprogramming contributes to the TGFβ1-promoted stem-like properties in head and neck cancer

doi: 10.1186/s40170-022-00300-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: PDK1 and PDK2 silencing modulated TGF-β1-promoted Warburg effects in HNC cells. A SAS shLuc, shPDK1#261, and shPDK2#315 cells (4×10 5 cells/3 ml) were pretreated with or without 5 ng/ml TGF-β1 medium for 48 h. Cells (1×10 4 cells/200 μl) were then seeded in a 96-well plate with or without TGF-β1 for 24 h, and then the medium was changed to a serum-free medium. After incubation for 24 h, lactate concentration in the supernatant was examined using the L-Lactate Assay kit. B SAS shLuc, shPDK1#261, and shPDK2#315 cells and FaDu shLuc, shPDK1#263, and shPDK2#315 (4×10 5 cells/3 ml) treated with or without TGF-β1 were seeded in a 6-cm culture dish for 48 h. We measured the ATP production of the cells (4×10 5 cells). C SAS shLuc, shPDK1, and shPDK2 cells (1×10 6 cells/3 ml) were seeded in a 6-cm dish overnight. Metabolism gene expressions were detected by RT-qPCR. D SAS shLuc, shPDK1#261, and shPDK2#315 cells (1×10 6 cells/3 ml) treated with or without TGF-β1 were seeded in a 6-cm dish overnight. Metabolism gene expressions were detected by RT-qPCR. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.005; **** p < 0.0001

Article Snippet: Primary IHC antibodies against PDK1 (1:100) and PDK2 (1:600) were obtained from Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz Biotech.

Techniques: Incubation, Concentration Assay, Lactate Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: Cancer & Metabolism

Article Title: PDK1- and PDK2-mediated metabolic reprogramming contributes to the TGFβ1-promoted stem-like properties in head and neck cancer

doi: 10.1186/s40170-022-00300-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: PDK1 and PDK2 knockdown decreased TGF-β1-promoted migration and invasion ability of HNC cells. A Transwell migration activities of SAS shLuc, shPDK1#261, and shPDK2#315 cells (2.5×10 4 /100 μl serum-free DMEM) and FaDu shLuc, shPDK1#263, and shPDK2#315 cells (3×10 4 /100 μl serum-free DMEM) were determined after 30 h. B Transwell invasion activities of SAS shLuc, shPDK1#261, and shPDK2#315 cells (3×10 4 cells/500 μl serum-free DMEM) and FaDu shLuc, shPDK1#263, and shPDK2#315 cells (4×10 4 cells/500 μl serum-free DMEM) were determined after 48 h. C SAS shLuc, shPDK1#261, and shPDK2#315 cells (4×10 5 /3 ml) were pretreated with 5 ng/ml TGF-β1 medium for 48 h. Migration activities of these cells were determined as described in A . D SAS and FaDu cells (4×10 5 /3 ml) were pretreated with TGF-β1 medium for 48 h. Invasion activities of these cells were determined as described in B . * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.005; **** p < 0.0001

Article Snippet: Primary IHC antibodies against PDK1 (1:100) and PDK2 (1:600) were obtained from Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz Biotech.

Techniques: Knockdown, Migration

Journal: Cancer & Metabolism

Article Title: PDK1- and PDK2-mediated metabolic reprogramming contributes to the TGFβ1-promoted stem-like properties in head and neck cancer

doi: 10.1186/s40170-022-00300-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: PDK1 and PDK2 silencing downregulated sphere formation ability, stemness gene, and multidrug resistance gene expression in HNC cells. A SAS and FaDu cells (2.5×10 2 cells/100 μl) were seeded in 96-well ultra-low attachment plates in sphere medium. Sphere numbers were counted after 10-day incubation. B SAS shLuc parental cells (1×10 6 cells/3 ml) were seeded in a 6-cm dish with sphere medium overnight. SAS cells (1×10 4 cells/2 ml) were seeded in 6-well ultra-low attachment plates in sphere medium for 12 days. Expression of stemness genes and multidrug resistance genes (MDR) were detected in parental cells (P) and sphere cells (1S) by RT-qPCR. C SAS shLuc, shPDK1#261, and shPDK2#315 cells (2.5×10 2 cells/100 μl) were seeded in 96-well ultra-low attachment plates in sphere medium with or without 10 ng/ml TGF-β1. Sphere numbers were counted after 10-day incubation. shLuc (1S) compared with shLuc (P): * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.005; **** p < 0.0001. shPDK (1S) compared with shLuc (1S): # p < 0.05; ## p < 0.01; ### p < 0.005; #### p < 0.0001

Article Snippet: Primary IHC antibodies against PDK1 (1:100) and PDK2 (1:600) were obtained from Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz Biotech.

Techniques: Gene Expression, Incubation, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: Cancer & Metabolism

Article Title: PDK1- and PDK2-mediated metabolic reprogramming contributes to the TGFβ1-promoted stem-like properties in head and neck cancer

doi: 10.1186/s40170-022-00300-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: PDK1 and PDK2 knockdown inhibited migration ability and reversed cisplatin and gemcitabine resistance in SAS spheroids cells. A SAS shLuc, shPDK1#261, and shPDK2#315 cells (1×10 4 cells/2 ml) were seeded in 6-well ultra-low attachment plates in sphere medium with or without 10 ng/ml TGF-β1 sphere medium and cultured for 12 days. Migration activities of the spheroid cells (2.5×10 4 cells/100 μl 0.5% FBS DMEM) were determined after 30 h. Five fields were counted per filter in each group. B–D Parental (P) or spheroid (1S) cells of SAS shLuc, shPDK1#261, and shPDK2#315 cells (2×10 3 cells/100 μl) were seeded in 96-well white plates with different chemo drugs. Celltiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay was accessed after 48-h incubation. shLuc (1S) compared with shLuc (P): * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.005; **** p < 0.0001. shPDK (1S) compared with shLuc (1S): # p < 0.05; ## p < 0.01

Article Snippet: Primary IHC antibodies against PDK1 (1:100) and PDK2 (1:600) were obtained from Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz Biotech.

Techniques: Knockdown, Migration, Cell Culture, Cell Viability Assay, Incubation

Journal: Cancer & Metabolism

Article Title: PDK1- and PDK2-mediated metabolic reprogramming contributes to the TGFβ1-promoted stem-like properties in head and neck cancer

doi: 10.1186/s40170-022-00300-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Associations of PDK1 and PDK2 expression with clinical features of HNC patients

Article Snippet: Primary IHC antibodies against PDK1 (1:100) and PDK2 (1:600) were obtained from Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz Biotech.

Techniques: Expressing